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  • Independent Medical Studi
    • Gastro-Enterology
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    • CAM
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    • Hepatology
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    • Enzyme therapy
    • The Gut Biome
  • Blog
  • Research Studies
    • Neurogastroenterology...
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    • The phytochemistry and...
    • Nutritional and chemic...
    • Nutmeg Oil Alleviates
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Caribbean Settlers

Introduction

San Domingue, Hispaniola, and Haiti. Three designations for an island.


Haiti's history, first "revealed" by Christopher Columbus in 1492, is tempestuous but still full of valuable contributions to other cities and societies, notably New Orleans.

Although contemporary Americans tend to associate Haiti with Miami and South Florida, an island-New Orleans link once existed.


European presence on the island ended with Columbus and his ship Santa Maria, going ashore and abandoning there.


Around 1803 and 1812, the Orleans District acted as a stopping point for thousands of African, Caribbean, European and U.S. emigrants – freemen and slaves–.

Their numbers were increasing concerning the region's rising agricultural and commercial growth.

Particularly French citizens were drawn by the city's warm cultural climate, the prevailing culture, and the possibility of a fresh start to life.

History

In the last decades of the seventeenth century, maritime transport bordermen gradually migrated from Jeremy Feschamps ' informal "colony" in Tortuga to the neighboring country around Port-de-Paix in the Spanish-controlled northwest of Hispaniola since the Caribbean infringement gave way to commercial agriculture and stock-raising.


It was not until the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 that the area became a formal French possession. Still, from that date until the disintegration of colonial rule in 1804, population growth was steady, especially in slaves.


Enslaved Africans in antebellum( before the war )Louisiana's southeastern congregations retained significant Africanism in their medical universe - the sustained pursuit of holistic healing.

Enslaved Africans functioned as operatives of their medical care, not as dependent recipients of slave owners ' attention, as the literature suggests.

Africans participated as diviners and dispensers of medical care (in the Babalawo and Onishegun context, constituent of the West African Yoruba tradition).


Antebellum historians and contemporary scholars, however, characterized the African materia medica in the U.S. institution of enslavement as "superstitious" traditions from Africa.

Through the need to respond immediately to healthcare matters, diaspora Africans revealed the ingenuity of the traditional African ideology on holistic well-being.

By the time La Nouvelle Orleans (New Orleans) was founded in 1718, about 172 Africans were enslaved. As the Louisiana Territory changed rulers, the city itself oversaw colossal changes.


First, as a French colony in the "new world," then as a Spanish holding from 1763, then temporarily back to French rule in 1802, when it was finally sold in 1803 to the USA.

The French court spurred settlement by advertising the West Indies as hospitable and biodiverse.


By the early eighteenth century, migration to the lesser French Antilles and Guyana diminished as Europeans and other Western Indians drove toward the magnet of generating ports, markets, and raucous new settlements that sprang up across the island in more significant numbers.

    Medicine of the Caribbeans

    The complex and fascinating history of the Caribbean, founded on European colonialism combined with slavery, indentureship, migrant workers, and plantation cultivation, has led to the development of new social and cultural forms, especially prevalent in the health and medicine sectors.

    The history of medical care in the Caribbean is also a history of the migration of cultural practices from Africa and Asia, the creolization process in the African and Asian diasporas, the tenacity of indigenous and common medicine, and the advent of distinct forms of Western medical expertise, research, and practice.

    Herbal remedies of the Caribbeans

    Hyptis pectinata

    Pluchea carolinensis

    Pluchea carolinensis

    Pluchea carolinensis

    Pluchea carolinensis

    Pluchea carolinensis

    Sauvagesia erecta

    Pluchea carolinensis

    Symphytum officinale

    Symphytum officinale

    Symphytum officinale

    Symphytum officinale

    Cannabis Sativa

    Symphytum officinale

    Eryngium foetidum

    Eryngium foetidum

    Symphytum officinale

    Eryngium foetidum

    Gossypium barbadense

    Plectranthus amboinicus

    Gossypium barbadense

    Pilea microphylla

    Plectranthus amboinicus

    Gossypium barbadense

    Plectranthus amboinicus

    Plectranthus amboinicus

    Plectranthus amboinicus

    Pimenta racemosa

    Petiveria alliacea

    Plectranthus amboinicus

    Ricinus communis

    Petiveria alliacea

    Petiveria alliacea

    Petiveria alliacea

    Petiveria alliacea

    Petiveria alliacea

    Citrus auruntifolia

    Lycopersicon esculentum

    Lycopersicon esculentum

    Lycopersicon esculentum

    Lycopersicon esculentum

    Lycopersicon esculentum

    Momordica charantia

    Lycopersicon esculentum

    Momordica charantia

    Aloe barbadensis

    Peperomia pellucida

    Momordica charantia

    Cocos nucifera

    Peperomia pellucida

    Peperomia pellucida

    Peperomia pellucida

    Peperomia pellucida

    Peperomia pellucida

    Carica papaya

    Gliricida sepium

    Gliricida sepium

    Gliricida sepium

    Gliricida sepium

    Gliricida sepium

    Gliricida sepium

    Gliricida sepium

    Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

    Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

    Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

    Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

    Lepianthes peltata

    Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

    Lepianthes peltata

    Plantago major

    Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

    Lepianthes peltata

    Cordyline terminalis

    Chenopodium ambrodioides

    Chenopodium ambrodioides

    Chenopodium ambrodioides

    Chenopodium ambrodioides

    Chenopodium ambrodioides

    Aristolochia trilobata

    Chenopodium ambrodioides

    Aristolochia trilobata

    Ambrosia hispida

    Artemissia absinthium

    Aristolochia trilobata

    Portulaca oleracea

    Artemissia absinthium

    Artemissia absinthium

    Artemissia absinthium

    Artemissia absinthium

    Artemissia absinthium

    Psidium guajava

    Zingiber officinale

    Zingiber officinale

    Zingiber officinale

    Zingiber officinale

    Zingiber officinale

    Syzygium aromaticum

    Zingiber officinale

    Syzygium aromaticum

    Head cold

    Head cold

    Head cold

    • Hyptis pectinata - pachuri ( aerial parts )
    • Pluchea carolinensis - tabak zombi ( aerial parts )
    • Sauvagesia erecta - ti manyok, zeh mayok ( aerial parts )

    Cough

    Head cold

    Head cold

    • Hyptis pectinata - pachuri (aerial parts)
    • Pluchea carolinensis - tabak zombi (aerial parts)
    • Symphytum officinale - konsout, comfrey (aerial parts)

    Asthma

    Head cold

    Something hurt

    • Cannabis Sativa - kali, zeb, ganja, (leaves)
    • Pluchea carolinensis - tabak zombi (aerial parts)
    • Hyptis pectinata - pachuri (aerial parts)

    Something hurt

    Something hurt

    Something hurt

    • Eryngium foetidum - chado beni  (aerial parts)

    Fright

    Something hurt

    Rheumatism

    • Gossypium barbadense - kouton nue, black cotton (leaves) 
    • Pilea microphylla - ti di te (aerial parts) 
    • Plectranthus amboinicus - go djai, go di te. (aerial parts)  

    Rheumatism

    Something hurt

    Rheumatism

    • Pimenta racemosa - bwa den, bayleaf (oil)
    • Rincus communis - kawapat, caster (oil)

    Headache

    Sore throat

    Headache

    • Petiveria alliacea - kojourouk  ( leaves )

    Fever

    Sore throat

    Headache

    • Citrus auruntifolia - lime, sitwon  (leaves & root)

    Sore throat

    Sore throat

    Inflammation

    • Lycopersicon esculentum - ramatoz, tomat  ( green fruit )

    Inflammation

    Inflammation

    Inflammation

    • Momordica charantia - koukouli (aerial part)
    • Aloe barbadensis - aloz, laloue (inner leaf)
    • Cocos nucifera - koko, jelly, coconut  (endosperm )
    • Peperomia pellucida - zeb kwes, kouklaya  (aerial part)
    • Carica papaya - pawpaw, papay (fruit)
    • Gliricida sepium  - glorisida, lesidra, glory cedar (leaves)

    Pressure

    Inflammation

    Pressure

    • Carica papaya - pawpaw, papay,  (fruit)
    • Stachytarpheta jamaicensis - veng-veng latjewat (aerial part)


    Buttons

    Inflammation

    Pressure

    • Momordica charantia - koukouli  (aerial )
    • Aloe barbadensis  - aloz, lalue (inner leaf
    • Cocos nucifera - koko, jelly, coconut (endosperm)
    • Peperomia pellucida - zeb kwes, kouklaya (aerial parts)
    • Garica papaya - pawpaw, papay ( fruit )
    • Cliricidia sepium  - glorisida, lesidra, glory cedar (leaves)


    Boils

    Cuts, sores

    Sprains

    • Lepianthes peltata - mal estomak (leaves)
    • Plantago major - plante  (leaves)

    Sprains

    Cuts, sores

    Sprains

    • Pimenta racemosa - bwa den, bay ( oil )
    • Runcus communis - kawapat, caster ( oil )
    • Cocos nucifera - Kokom coconut ( oil)

    Cuts, sores

    Cuts, sores

    Cuts, sores

    • Cordyline terminalis - san dwagon  ( leaf scrapings )

    Worms

    Upset Stomach

    Cuts, sores

    • Chenopodium ambrodioides - sine kntwa (aerial plant)
    • Aristolochia trilobata - twef (leaves)
    • Ambrosia hispida - set vil (aerial)
    • Portulaca oleracea - koupiye (aerial)
    • Artemissia absinthium - lapsent, absinthe (aerial)

    Diarrhea

    Upset Stomach

    Upset Stomach

    • Psidium guajava - goiyau, guava (leaves)
    • Zingiber officinale - janjam, ginger (rhizome)
    • Syzygium aromaticum - klow giwav, clove (flowers)

    Upset Stomach

    Upset Stomach

    Upset Stomach

    • Aristolochia trilobata - twef (leaves)
    • Zingiber officinale - janjam, ginger (rhizomes)
    • Ambrosia hispida - set vil (aerial parts)
    • Chenopodium ambrosioides - sime kontwa (aerial)
    • Psidium guajava - goiyav, guava (leaves)

    Additional Information

    Even though the French had occupied the Caribbean for nearly a century before colonizing Louisiana, and while acquainted with hurricanes from that part of the New World, they encountered an unknown landscape and climate on the Gulf of Mexico's North American coast, which they could not yet topographically and meteorologically connect it with the Caribbean Islands.


    The diverse mix of increasingly arriving colonists confronted with the danger of hurricanes and their effects on the low-lying local environment.


    Although settlers in the Spanish, French, and British Antilles gained local knowledge of hurricanes by studying with the native population, as Fernandez de Oviedo, du Tertre, and Captain Langford's accounts suggest, there was no such documentation for the French in Louisiana.


    Local knowledge transmission from indigenous populations living in the Mississippi Delta is reported to have been much more focused on the annual floods and settlements of the river.


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